Proxy ARP -> host-segmentA ~> ARP request to the host-segmentB ~> router ~> ARP response to the host-segmentA with their MAC and forward the ARP request to the segmentB with their MAC.
Routers running proxy ARP capture ARP packets. They respond with their MAC addresses for those requests in which the IP address is not in the range of addresses of the local subnet.
PS: default gateway -> router interface in the same network segment of the sending host.
ARP -> IP ~> MAC (via MAC broadcast)
RARP -> MAC ~> IP
DHCP -> Discover / Offer / Request / Acknowledgement
BOOTP -> I forgot!
NetBEUI -> NON-routable -> functions only in a segment.
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